2021高考真题英语全国乙卷阅读理解长难句分析

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阅读长难句之2021全国乙卷

1.Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing towatch the match.

语法：(1)… gone are the days of…此处有倒装的出现。

(2)…standing to watch the match.此处doing做后置定语修饰thousands。

拓展：完全倒装之“表语+连系动词+主语”结构。Lucky is she who was admitted to a famous university last year.她很幸运，去年被一所名牌大学录取。Gone are the days when he was looked down upon.他被人看不起的日子一去不复返了。

词汇：tend to倾向于做…

翻译：即使是足球迷也往往每人有一个座位；成千上万人站着看比赛的日子一去不复返了。

2.For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.

语法：(1)…data supplied by the World Atlas list…此处supplied为done做后置定语，表示与data构成动宾关系。

(2)…which ranks them by…此处which引导非限制性定语从句。

(3)…as well as…性质上属于连词，表示并列。

词汇：(1) stadium n.体育馆

(2) stated adj.声明的；规定的

(3) permanent adj.永久的 反义词：temporary adj.短暂的

(4) capacity n.容纳能力；容量

翻译：对于世界上最大的体育场馆，我们目前使用的是由世界地图集列表提供的数据。该列表根据其规定的永久容纳量以及来自体育场官方网站的最新信息对其进行排名。

3.Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket - 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies.

语法：(1)…who still have a landline…此处who引导定语从句，修饰Australians。

(2)…while a further 13…此处while表示然而，属于连词。

词汇：(1) concede v.承认

(2) in case of.以免；万一

(3) security blanket安全保障

翻译：在那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中，三分之一的人承认这不是真的有必要，他们把它当作安全保障——19%的人说他们从不使用它，还有13%的人保留它是为了怕紧急情况发生。

4.That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).

语法：(1)…to the point where we play a game…此处where引导定语从句，修饰point地步。

(2)…guess who is calling…此时who引导宾语从句。

(3)…before we pick up the phone..此时before引导时间状语从句，表示“在…之前”。

词汇：(1) that said尽管如此

(2) Caller ID来电显示

(3) to be honest老实的说

翻译：尽管如此，老实说，只有婴儿潮一代的父母打过我们家的电话，以至于我们会玩一个游戏，即在拿起电话之前猜谁在打电话（使用来电显示会让我们失去乐趣）。

5.Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

语法：Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups,此处made..这个整体是done做定语修饰sculpture的。而中间的collected属于done做定语来修饰straws的。可见非谓语做定语的重要性。

词汇：(1) sculpture n.雕塑

(2) appearance n.出现；外貌appear v.出现

翻译：这座雕塑由16.8万根塑料吸管制成，这些吸管是从几个海滩清理志愿者那里收集的。这个雕塑首次出现在越南胡志明市的埃斯特拉广场购物中心。

6.Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源)of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled.

语法：because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled.此处and并列两个句子，即most people don’t need them to drink with和they cannot be recycled，可以把because of their small…看做是they cannot be recycled的原因。

词汇：(1) by no means绝不

(2) under fire遭受攻击

(3) recycle v.循环

翻译:塑料吸管绝不是最大的塑料污染来源，但他们最近受到攻击，因为大多数人不需要他们喝东西，且因为他们的体积和重量小，不能回收。

7.For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic, "Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒)from a truck all at once.

语法：(1)…titled "Truckload of Plastic,此处title还是done做后置定语修饰work。

(2) …which were then…此处which引导非限制性定语从句。

(3)…to look like they’d been…此处to do表示目的。

词汇：(1) look like看起来像…

(2) all at once同时；一起

翻译：在这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品中，Von Wong和一组志愿者收集了1万多块塑料，然后将它们绑在一起，为了看起来就像是从卡车上一下子扔下来的一样。

8.The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups.

语法：—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-此时整体是做同位语对participants进行解释说明的，而其中的exposed to…此处为done做后置定语修饰those的。此刻在翻译上处理时，可以先翻译主句，随后把同位语解释出来。

词汇：(1) statistic n.数据；统计

(2) exposed to暴露在…中

(3) participant n.参与者participate v.参与

(4) outperform v.优于…

(5) chatter n.喋喋不休

翻译：各组间差异无统计学意义；然而，在70分贝组中的参与者的表现明显优于其他组，而他们被暴露在类似于咖啡店背景下喋喋不休的噪音中。

9.But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability.

语法：(1)… since the results at 70 decibels were significant,此处since引导原因转语从句。

(2) …suggests that the right level of background noise…此处that引导宾语从句。

(3)…—not too loud and not total silence—此处属于插入语，是对noise的修饰。

词汇：(1) significant adj.重要的

(2) right adj.适当的

翻译：但由于70分贝的结果是显著的，研究还表明，适当的背景噪音——既不要太大，也不要完全沉默——实际上可以提高一个人的创造性思维能力。

10.The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus.

语法：(1)…just enough to allow our imaginations…此时，to do表示结果状。

(2) …without making it impossible to focus.此时，without结构为介词短语做伴随状。

词汇：(1) interrupt v.干扰 interruption n.干扰

(2) wander v.漫游；徘徊

(3) make it adj +to do…使得做…如何

翻译：适当水平的背景噪音可能会干扰我们正常的思维模式，它让我们的想象力四处游荡，而不会使我们无法集中注意力。

11.The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus.

语法：(1) The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop…此处that引导表语从句，而in our offices属于插入语，表示地点概念。

(2)…while we’re trying to focus.此处while引导时间状语从句，表示“当…时”。

词汇：(1) stop sb from doing…阻止某人做某事

(2) get drawn被吸引

翻译：问题可能是，在我们的办公室里，当我们努力集中注意力时，我们无法阻止自己被别人的谈话所吸引。

12.Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.

语法：(1)…the researchers found that…此处that引导宾语从句。

(2)…and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides…此处yet是连词，表示转折，翻译为“然而”。

(3)…while also providing freedom from interruptions.此处while引导时间状语从句，表示“同时”。

词汇：(1) interaction n.互动

(2) free from免受…的影响

翻译：事实上，研究人员发现，面对面的互动和交谈会影响创作过程，然而，一个共同工作的空间或咖啡馆在提供一定程度的噪音的同时，也提供了免受干扰的自由。

13.If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living?", you'll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you're talking to.

语法：(1)…out of whomever it is you're talking to.此处whomever引导宾语从句。

(2)整个句子体现了if引导的时间状语从句要主将从现。即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。

词汇：other than除了…以外

翻译：如果你能从一个问题开始对话，但不是问“你是做什么工作的？”，你就能从和你谈话的人那里得到更多有趣的对话。

14.And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different grades of gratitude (感谢).

语法：(1) And it came to me then how much…此处it comes to sb that…翻译为“某人想到…”，属于主语从句的句型。而how much easier it would be…则为真正的主句。

(2)…if we had a range of words that express…此处if引导条件状语从句，that则引导定语从句修饰words。

词汇：(1) grade n.等级；年级；成绩

(2) gratitude n.感激

翻译：然后我想到，如果我们有一系列表达不同等级感激之情的词语，那会多么容易啊！

（一般状语从句要先翻译，符合汉语习惯。）

15.One afternoon, while attempting to get into bed she collapsed from what was eventually discovered to be a heart attack.

语法：(1)…while attempting to get into此处while+doing属于状语从句的省略。

(2)…she collapsed from what was eventually…此处what引导宾语从句。

拓展：状语从句的"简化"现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:

由if,unless等引导的条件状语从句;

由although,though,evenif/though等引导的让步状语从句;

由when,while,as,before,after,until/till等引导的时间状语从句;

由as,asif等引导的方式状语从句;

由as,than等引导的比较状语从句。

下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。

(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。例如:

If(itis)possible,hewillhelpyououtofthedifficulty.

如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。

Youmustattendthemeetingunless(itis)inconvenienttoyou.

除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。

(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。

When(themuseumis)completed,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.

词汇：(1) attempt to尝试去做某事

(2) collapse v.崩溃；坍塌

翻译：一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时晕倒了，原因最终被诊断为心脏病发作。