高考英语:短文改错准确答题7句口诀,记住,保你一分不丢!

高中知识点学习
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高考英语:短文改错准确答题7句口诀,记住,保你一分不丢!

高中英语中的短文改错绝对不是一道难题,它所考查的语法和词汇都是最基础的。那为什么很多同学在这道题上拿不了高分甚至满分呢?这是因为不了解出题意图和角度的缘故。所谓”知己知彼,百战不殆“,今天,小编就和大家来分享短文改错到底考什么,通过以下口诀我们就一目了然了!

动词形,名词数;

区分形和副;

非谓动词细辨别;

习惯用法要记住;

句子成分多分析;

逻辑错误须关注。

高中知识

主要包括两类错误:动词的时态和语态错误,以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如:

My favourite sport is football. I wasamember of our school football team. (am)

Now my picture and prizeishanging in thelibrary. (are)

上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念,注意短文内容发生或存在的时间,保持时间概念的一致性。

高中知识

指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如:

…so that I’ll get good marks in allmy subject. (subjects)

高中知识

区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如:

I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfullytimetogether. (wonderful)

Unfortunate, there are too many people inmy family. (Unfortunately)

需要注意的是,形容词多用来做定、表、补语等,而副词只能在句子中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time,第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。

高中知识

这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误,也包括不定式类错误。例如:

…in my spare time, but now Iam interestingin football. (interested)

Playfootball not only makes us grow up talland strong but also … (playing)

My parents love me… and will do all theycan ∧ make sure… (to)

上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语,和不定式作目的状语。一般的,现在分词有主动和进行的含义,而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来的含义。

高中知识

主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点,其错误表现形式主要有三种:多词、少词和搭配错误。例如:

It was very kind forthem to meet me atthe railway station and… (of)

We must keep in mind that we play for theteam instead ∧ ourselves. (of)

高中知识

不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误。例如:

They ∧ eager to know everythingabout China and…(were)

I live in Beijing, whereisthe capital ofChina.(which)

第一例漏掉了谓语动词were,这是受汉语习惯的影响而导致的错误;第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副词,不能作主语。

高中知识

与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误,常是这类错误的考查对象。例如:

The Smiths did hisbest to make me feelat home. (their)

First, let me tell you something moreaboutmyself. (去掉more)

… no way of setting the matter except byselling the set. Now someoneat home reads instead. (everyone)

上述第一例中的主语是Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩),因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的意思,才开始告诉别人,怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”?第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端,“我们”把电视机卖了;晚上没电视看了,所以与从前一样,大家又都读书了,所以该用 everyone。

除了上述错误类型外,常考的错误形式还有:连词but, and, or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误),以及冠词的用法错误等。例如:

She was smiling butnodding at me. (and)

It looks as if my parents treat me as avisitor anda guest. (or)

We may be one family and liveunder asame roof.(the)

【真题巩固】:

下面是全国高考英语真题中的短文改错题。这道题较全面地反映了本文的口诀。现在试着做一做,然后参阅题后的答案与解析。

Last week my parents and I took a two-daytrip to Emei

Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows,it’s famous

76. _____

Mountain with all kinds of plants andanimals. The weather

77. _____

Was fine. It was about noon we arrived atthe foot of

78. _____

the mountain,the three of them were very excited. As we

79. _____

climbed the mountain,we saw monkeys,visiting temples

80. _____

and told stories. On the way up I was busytaking picture

81._____

since the scenery was so beautiful. Thetime passes quickly.

82. _____

Evening came down. We spent the night in ahotel at the top

83. _____

of the mountain. The food was expensive andthe service was

84. _____

good. I was so tired that I fell asleep atthe moment my

85. _____

head touched the pillow.

【答案与解析】

76. famous前加上a.(名词数)

77. 正确

78. we前面加when,引导一个时间状语从句。(句子成分多分析)

79. them→us (逻辑错误须关注)

80. visiting→visited(非谓动词细辨别)

81. picture→pictures(名词数)

82. passes→passed(动词形)

83. 去掉down(习惯用法要记住)

84. and→but(逻辑错误须关注)

85. 去掉at(句子成分多分析 / 习惯用法要记住)

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