中国年画释义及大量年画欣赏

     年画，就是与年俗有关的版画，也是过年期间特有的民间工艺。它的起源和春联一样，都和古代的桃符有关。应劭的《风俗通义》“祀典”中引《黄帝书》：“上古之时，有荼与郁垒昆弟二人，性能执鬼，度朔山上立桃树下，简阅百鬼，无道理，佞为人祸害，荼与郁垒缚以苇索，执以食虎”。因此汉代县官多在腊日或除夕“饰桃人，垂苇茭，画虎于门”，以抵御邪崇的进入。到了南北朝时，干脆就将神荼、郁垒直接画在桃板上。《荆楚岁时记》：“造桃板着户，谓之仙木。绘二神，贴户左右，右神荼、右郁垒，俗谓之门神”。也有人直接将神荼、郁垒的名字写在桃木上，省去了绘画的麻烦。桃符发展到后来，渐渐分化成春联及门画，其中的门画就是年画的前身。
　　
    年画的种类约可分为“版画”、“刻纸”、“纸绘”三种。版画是以木刻图案，再按图上色而成。这一类的年画以天津的杨柳青、山东潍县的杨家埠、河南的朱仙镇、苏州的桃花坞及广东的佛山镇最为著名。年画的特色因地而异，但是它们的用色活泼大胆、含意吉祥讨却是一致的。“刻纸”是用刻刀在纸上雕镂图案，画面的设计极具巧思。雕工细腻处，可以传达出极生动的姿态。“纸绘”的年画内容以神像为主。神荼、郁垒、钟馗、财神、天官赐福等，都是很受欢迎的题材。

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中国年画欣赏

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