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掌握段落的结构和扩展方法,对获取目标信息有很大的帮助。无论阅读理解还是概要写作均是考查对关键信息的处理能力,只是考查方式不同而已,一个是选择题形式,一个需要考生归纳概括关键信息并用自己的语言表达出来。从处理信息的角度来说,阅读和写作本就是一家,因此掌握段落构成的基本知识对阅读理解和概要写作都大有裨益。
今天咱们要从语篇结构的基本知识入手,以高考真题为例,从段落说起。
一、基本知识
段落是构成文章的一组有内在关联的句子。段落必须表达完整的意思,或描写,或争论,或提出疑问,或表达要求,或给事物下定义,或驳斥观点。
一个典型的段落结构通常由三部分组成:主题句(the topic sentence);说明或支持主题的扩展句(supporting sentences);结束句(the concluding sentence)。有些段落没有结束句。段落的关键信息一般都包含在主题句中,对于没有主题句的段落,可以通过关键词或词组归纳总结主题。
1. 段落示例
Color is fundamentalin home design—something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?Whatever you’re looking for, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.(2018 全国1卷七选五)
2. 示例分析
这是一个具有典型结构的段落,其结构为:
@主题句
Color is fundamentalin home design—something you’ll always have in every room.
@扩展句
1. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in.
2. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?
@结束句
Whatever you’re looking for, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
分析以上结构可知,主题句中隐含着一个问题:Why is color important in home design?第一个扩展句指出掌握色彩搭配是创造心仪居室的第一步,其余扩展句以设问形式引出了色彩在室内设计中的作用,这些扩展句回答了主题句中隐含的问题。结束句总结了扩展句并再一次强调主题。
二、实战分析
1. 段落示例
Candidates for the jobwill have experience of both management and research support / technical services. Knowledge of research operations and excellent communication skills are necessary. Education to degreelevel is also desirable. (2010 四川阅读C)
2. 示例分析
一个段落一般只涉及一个话题或话题的一个方面。本段则是围绕工作要求(requirements)这个方面展开的,因此本段主旨为“the necessary requirements for the job”。
三、实战演练
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内容来源 / 维克多英语
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